Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

GIS is a computerized method for creating and analyzing maps using digital data collected by various means, including Global Positioning Systems. GIS technology does more than create lines or figures on a screen or paper. It creates "smart maps," which can answer questions such as: Is there any vacant land within 2 miles of an interstate; what land uses are there along a proposed bus route; which industries may contribute pollution to a wetland or river; how many residential parcels are located in a particular census block? GIS information can be a useful tool for the planning and development of municipal, residential, and commercial projects.

Spatial features in a GIS are stored in a coordinate system (latitude/longitude, state plane, UTM, etc.), which references a particular place on earth. Descriptive attributes in tabular form are associated with spatial features. Spatial data and associated attributes in the same coordinate system can be layered for mapping and analysis.

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